{"id":6071,"date":"2014-06-28T12:13:10","date_gmt":"2014-06-28T04:13:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/drzubaidi.com\/blog\/?p=6071"},"modified":"2021-01-22T12:24:58","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T04:24:58","slug":"dos-panadol-dan-paracetamol-yang-selamat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drzubaidi.com\/blog\/dos-panadol-dan-paracetamol-yang-selamat\/","title":{"rendered":"DOS PARACETAMOL YANG SELAMAT"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"panadol\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cSalam doctor, apakah dos paracetamol yang selamat digunakan. Bagaimana paracetamol boleh menyebabkan keracunan? Mohon penjelasan dan terima kasih\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

WA ALAIKUM MUS SALAM<\/p>\n

Keracunan akibat pengambilan paracetamol boleh menyebabkan kerosakan hati.<\/p>\n

Ini kerana paracetamol akan dileraikan dalam tubuh dan menghasilkan bahan terakhir \u201cN-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine\u201d (NAPQI) yang akan merendahkan tahap kandungan \u201cglutathione\u201d (antioksidan) dalam hati. NAPQI ini juga merosakkan sel-sel hati secara \u00a0langsung.<\/p>\n

Kebanyakan individu yang mengalami kerosakan hati tidak dapat dikesan dalam masa 24 jam selepas pengambilan dos yang berlebihan kerana tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda keracunan yang jelas.<\/p>\n

Mereka hanya mengadu kembung perut atau dan rasa tidak selesa di \u00a0bahagian perut atau mengadu rasa loya saja.<\/p>\n

Apabila kerosakan hati semakin teruk, pesakit akan berasa lemah dan kemungkinan akan pengsan akibat kandungan gula yang semakin rendah, darah semakin berasid, dan mudah berlaku pendarahan.<\/p>\n

Jika pesakit dirawat dengan sempurna, keadaan pesakit akan bertambah baik. Pesakit yang tidak dirawat boleh menyebabkan kematian.<\/p>\n

Secara amnya dos yang dibenarkan bagi seorang individu dewasa adalah 4 gram sehari.<\/p>\n

Kerosakan hati pasti berlaku akibat pengambilan paracetamol yang berlebihan boleh berlaku dengan dua cara.<\/p>\n

Pertama<\/b> apabila seseorang individu mengambil paracetamol sekali gus (sekali makan) melebihi 10 gram atau 200 mg\/kg berat badan. (1)<\/p>\n

Kedua<\/b> apabila seorang individu itu mengambil paracetamol sebanyak 6 gram sehari untuk 3-4 hari. (2)<\/p>\n

Pengambilan dos yang normal iaitu \u00a01000mg paracetamol setiap \u00a0enam jam selama dua minggu boleh meninggikan enzim alanine transaminase. <\/i>Peningkatan enzim ini menunjukkan bahawa hati sedang dalam bahaya dan dalam keadaan stress. Namun dos ini tidak menyebabkan kerosakan hati.(3)<\/p>\n

Bagi kanak-kanak pula keracunan boleh berlaku jika dos yang diberikan melebihi 200 mg\/kg berat badan.(4)<\/p>\n

Keracunan tidak berlaku jika paracetamol diambil dalam dos yang dibenarkan. Ia hanya boleh pada berlaku pada individu yang sensitif kerana mempunyai \u00a0\u00a0aktiviti enzim yang berbeza.<\/p>\n

Wallahu a\u2019lam<\/p>\n

Rujukan:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. “Acetaminophen poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management”. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 44 (1): 1\u201318.<\/li>\n
  2. “Guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand\u2014explanation and elaboration. A consensus statement from clinical toxicologists consulting to the Australasian poisons information centres”. The Medical journal of Australia 188 (5): 296\u2013301.<\/li>\n
  3. Watkins PB, Kaplowitz N, Slattery JT, et al. (July 2006). “Aminotransferase elevations in healthy adults receiving 4 grams of acetaminophen daily: a randomized controlled trial”. JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association 296 (1): 87\u201393.<\/li>\n
  4. Tenenbein M (2004). “Acetaminophen: the 150 mg\/kg myth”. Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology 42 (2): 145\u20138.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u201cSalam doctor, apakah dos paracetamol yang selamat digunakan. Bagaimana paracetamol boleh menyebabkan keracunan? Mohon penjelasan dan terima kasih\u201d WA ALAIKUM MUS SALAM Keracunan akibat pengambilan paracetamol boleh menyebabkan kerosakan hati. Ini kerana paracetamol akan dileraikan dalam tubuh dan menghasilkan bahan terakhir \u201cN-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine\u201d (NAPQI) yang akan merendahkan tahap kandungan \u201cglutathione\u201d (antioksidan) dalam hati. NAPQI ini juga …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1603,4],"tags":[4583,803,273,1945,2756,181,4622,2716,4114,462,3547,3774,2531,504,787,3773,16,3767,4245,1638,4370,1453,4567,3584,4578,4608,3155,1376,846,23,557,1001,1321,4579,2070,5478,1518,1403,24,212,671,1481,421,3108,1697,4604,2687,1477,639,4373,4082,4618,4602,3768,4620,967,3382,5474,4372,4603,4585,4476,4168,3442,1454,3383,4587,1984,3214,650,3959,1688,2212,3714,153,215,3906,585,1662,2557,244,3708,1827,962,3107,4374,1806,1685,399,748,4518,2174,4601,3769,2245,3061,4611,4610,4612,2433,2210,4609,1158,1659,5480,3135,2805,4226,2193,1179,3776,3777,3775,3545,3196,2288,4573,946,3643,1339,4576,1319,3047,3673,775,2907,3176,1580,3745,4575,2469,2706,2603,1820,1282,2075,4574,745,2559,2710,4619,766,3676,2847,101,2187,118,1783,5477,2104,4605,2463,971,4590,4607,1578,1478,4566,1679,3770,648,3771,3290,272,1409,3411,2420,4236,126,1843,4565,3772,308,1985,3018,1611,4235,178,1610,4586,4584,3352,2348,2113,4369,4041,4577,3259,4621,4371,2161,1320,3030],"class_list":["post-6071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-doktor-menjawab","category-farmasi","tag-actifast","tag-air","tag-air-mani","tag-anak","tag-antacid","tag-antibiotik","tag-asam","tag-asma","tag-aspirin","tag-asthma","tag-bangun","tag-barah-hati","tag-barah-rahim","tag-batu-karang","tag-bayi","tag-beku","tag-bengkak","tag-bentuk-badan","tag-beranak","tag-berat-badan","tag-berjauhan","tag-bersalin","tag-bilik-tidur","tag-biodex","tag-bocor","tag-buka","tag-dada","tag-darah","tag-darah-pekat","tag-dehidrasi","tag-demam","tag-diabetes","tag-diclofenac","tag-dusphaston","tag-dysmenorrhoea","tag-ekf","tag-ekstrak-kacip-fatimah","tag-endometriosis","tag-estrogen","tag-faraj","tag-farmasi-2","tag-fibroid","tag-gastrik","tag-gaya-hidup","tag-gemuk","tag-glucagon","tag-gula","tag-haid","tag-hamil","tag-hari-kelepasan","tag-hati","tag-hfmd","tag-hipoglisemia","tag-hodoh","tag-honey","tag-hospital","tag-hubungan","tag-hubungan-intim","tag-hujung-minggu","tag-hyoglycemia","tag-hyperemesis","tag-icu","tag-implanon","tag-inkubator","tag-insulin","tag-intim","tag-intravena","tag-isteri","tag-jangkitan","tag-jimak","tag-jom","tag-kahwin","tag-kaki","tag-kecil","tag-keguguran","tag-kehamilan","tag-kelahiran","tag-keloid","tag-kembung","tag-kencing","tag-kencing-manis","tag-kerja","tag-kesan-sampingan","tag-ketuban","tag-keturunan","tag-kiataran-haid","tag-kitaran-haid","tag-klinik","tag-kolestrole","tag-kondom","tag-koyak","tag-kuman","tag-kurang","tag-kurang-menarik","tag-kurus","tag-lahir","tag-laparoscopic","tag-laparoskopik","tag-laparotomy","tag-loya","tag-loya-dan-muntah","tag-luar","tag-luka","tag-madu","tag-main","tag-malam","tag-mammogram","tag-masam","tag-mati","tag-meninggal-dunia","tag-mesra-alam","tag-mesra-tubuh","tag-mood-yang-tidak-menentu","tag-mudah","tag-mulut","tag-muntah","tag-neonatal","tag-nicu","tag-nikah","tag-ovari","tag-pakar-kanak-kanak","tag-panadol","tag-pancreas","tag-pangkal-rahim","tag-pap-smear","tag-paracetamol","tag-parut","tag-payudara","tag-pecah","tag-pediatrician","tag-pedih","tag-pelvis","tag-pemakanan","tag-pembedahan","tag-pendarahan","tag-pengsan","tag-penjagaan-rapi","tag-perancang-keluarga","tag-perut","tag-pesakit","tag-peur","tag-phytoestrogen","tag-pid","tag-pil-hormone","tag-pil-perancang","tag-pitam","tag-ponstan","tag-pramatang","tag-proxeed-plus","tag-puasa","tag-pundi","tag-punggung","tag-rahem","tag-ramadan","tag-sahur","tag-sakit","tag-sakit-payudara","tag-sedak","tag-seks","tag-seksi","tag-seksual","tag-self-esteem","tag-selimut","tag-semen","tag-semput","tag-senak","tag-senaman","tag-senang","tag-senggugut","tag-sex","tag-siang","tag-sintetik","tag-sperma","tag-suami","tag-subur","tag-suhu","tag-sukar","tag-sukar-bernafas","tag-susu","tag-tahan","tag-tahan-sakit","tag-tangan","tag-tekanan-darah-tinggi","tag-tidur","tag-tinggal","tag-tinggi","tag-tuban","tag-ujian-darah","tag-ulu","tag-urusan","tag-utm","tag-voren","tag-wad"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p10sZy-1zV","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":6055,"url":"https:\/\/drzubaidi.com\/blog\/mengelakkan-gastrik-pada-o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